Ketosis diagnosing instruments equipped with built-in colorimeter



April 1, 1958 Filed May 25, 1954 KETOSIS D MOTOYOSI UMEZU IAGNOSING INSTRUMENTS EQUIPPED .WITH BUILT- IN COLORIMETER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTORI I Motoyosi Ur ne2u Aprii 1, 1958 MOTOYOSI UMEZU 2,823,665

' KETOSIS DIAGNOSING INSTRUMENTS EQUIPPED WITH BUILT-IN COLORIMETER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 25, 1954 EIG.2

l l l I l 1 r I2 l3 INVENTOR.

// Motoyosi Umezu KETOSIS DIAGNOSING WSTRUMENTS EQUIPPED W'ITH BUILT-EN CULORIMETER Motoyosi Umezu, Haranomachi, Sendai, Japan Application May 25, 1954, Serial No. 432,171 1 Claim. (Cl. 88-14) *This invention relates a diffusion-colorimeter particularly suitable for use in diagnosing ketosis, and its object is to provide a diffusion-colorimeter which may enable those making a diffusion-test by means of a diffusion-dish to measure, in a direct, simple and easy manner, the results of the test and which may thus prove particularly suitable for use in diagnosing ketosis.

- Ketosis or acetonemia is a disease which causes the increase of ketone-body in blood and thus causes toxic symptoms in animals especially in ruminants. Even when it appears as a mild case with a milch-cow, it must be said a malicious disease-difiicult to be detected in good timein the sense that it may adversely affect the quality of the milk from the suffering cow.

In the case of diagnosis hitherto made of few drops of reagent (salicylaldehyde alcohol mixed with the urine of the animal suspected of the disease. To this is added 1 to 2 cc. of saturated sodium hydroxide solution down the wall of the tube. This mixture is kept still for several minutes until it takes on an orange color. This solution is then compared visually with the urine of a healthy animal caused to take on an orange color through the same process so as to judge whether the former animal is suffering from ketosis. The diagnosis hitherto in practice standing at such a level, it cannot be free from errors which are likely to occur from the use of naked eyes. Besides, it suffers from the defect of not being capable of making a quantitative diagnosis regarding the progress of the case of ketosis. The present invention is intended to provide a means by which to make a diagnosis of ketosis quantitatively, exactly and without error and also a means by which to make similar measurements. For this particular purpose a diffusion-colorimeter of the following character has been invented:

The colorimeter is equipped with a mirror on either side of the tube of the eye lens so that one may see in one half of the single field the color to be measured and in the other half the color of standard density. Below the mirror on one side is laid a box in which is housed the diffusion-dish so that it may be subjected to an entrance'light beam or pencil from underneath, while below the mirror on the other side is laid a box in which is placed the standard-color for measurement and carrying the index of color density in the direction of the longerside of theside-Wall of the color-wedge so that it may slide freely in the direction of light as well as deep color, admitting to it the entrance pencil from underneath. The above-mentioned diffusion-dish is constructed with a partition fitted in the central part of a colorless and transparent dish-body, and is designed to separate the central part from the sample in the circumference and also to bring about the coloring of the reagent in the central part through the diffusion of gas from the above-mentioned sample.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is the front view of the above-mentioned colorimmeter partly in section; Fig. 2 is the side-view of same;

ketosis, a

solution) is Fig. 3 shows the ground plan of the 'diffusion-dish; Fig. 4 is the cross-section of same; and Fig. 5 is a view in perspective of the standard-color unit for measurement.

Referring to the drawings, 1 is the tube of the eye lens under which a color-filter 2 andtwo reflecting prisms 3 and 4--one on each side-are enclosed within the housing 5. 6 and 7 are the two reflecting prisms set one on each side of and within the housing 5 in position to each reflect a light beam to one of the reflecting prisms 3 and 4. 8 is the diffusion-dish which is constructed with a partition 12 fitted'in the central part 16 of a colorless and transparent dish-body 9 made of organic glass, etc. It is designed to separate the central part from the sample 11 (e. g. urine of a milch-cow) in the circumference and also to bring about the coloring (for example, orange coloring) of the reagent 13 (e. g. alkalified salicylaldehyde alcohol solution) in the central part 16 through the diffusion of gas (e. g. acetone gas in the urine) from the above-mentioned sample 11. Besides, it is to be noted that the diffusion under reference is effected through gas and there should be a sizable opening for circulation between the lid 14 of the diffusion dish 8 and the upper edge of the above-mentioned partition 12. 17 is the housing which is placed the diffusion-dish 8 in a position to have a light beam or pencil pass through its central part 16 from below. The dish body is situated below the above-mentioned reflecting prism 6 on the bottom wall or plate 18 of the housing with its central part 16 over a light window 19 of a suitable size corresponding to the dish portion 16. 20 is the standard-color for measurement. It is constructed in such a way that some coloring fluid 22 of a color corresponding to that of the above-mentioned reagent 13 may be enclosed within a colorless and transparent wedge-shaped, hollow box 21 of organic glass, or other suitable transparent material. An index of color density 24 is located along the longer side of a sidewall 23 of the box. 25 is the housing in which is placed the above standard-color for measurement 20 so that the latter may slide freely in the direction of either light or dark color, across a light beam or pencil projected through the box from below. The box 21 is situated in the housing 25 beneath the reflecting prism 7, upon the housing bottom or plate 26 over a window 27 of suitable size for the passage of a light beam therethrough. Positioned upon the bottom 26 of the housing 25 at the outer side of the light window is a mirror 30 which is spaced from the index side of the box 21 and disposed at an angle to reflect a reading from the index 24 upwardly through a magnifier 31 carried in the top of the housing 25.

Mirrors 32 and 33 are provided each for easy detachable connection with corresponding circular projections 35 and 36 which are carried by the base 34. The connection of the mirrors 3233' to their respective projections 35-36 is preferably made as illustrated, that is, by means of an upstanding sleeve 32'33 which carries its mirror in one end for turning adjustment and which frictionally receivesthe projection in the other end whereby each of the mirrors may be moved up and down or to the right or left as required to most effectively project a light beam upwardly through the openings 19 and 27 below which they are located.

Each of the circular projections 35 and 36 defines an opening as at 37 and 38 through the top of the casing 34 to admit light from an artificial light source 39 such as an electric bulb, for the use of the instrument at night. The reason for the particular construction shown is that the housing 17 for the diffuser dish and that for the standardcolor measurement 20 must be of considerable size because of their manner of use, with the result that the distance between both mirrors 32 and 33 is relatively large. Therefore, in turning the mirrors 32 and 33 upward and forward or right and left at suitable angles, unless they are operated separately, it will be diificult to let the light of the same intensity reach the windows 19 and 27. Such beingthe case, a colorimeter of the customary type the mirror of which is intended for use both right and left cannot serve the purpose where there is largespace between the right and left mirrors as is the case with the present invention. 39 is the electric lamp fitted in the central part of the base 34 to the right and left of which are provided the mirrors 40 and 41 each in a position to project light up through the openings or windows 37 and 38. 42 is the transformer within the base 34. 43 is the lid of the box for the window of the entrance pencil 17, while 44 is the entrance or exit window of standard-color for measurement 20 of the box for that color.

The following is an explanation of how to employ the apparatus under this invention in diagnosing ketosis.

The most exact diagnosis of ketosis can be made only by determining the quantity of ketone-body in the urine (or blood) of the animal suspected cf ketosis, for the normal ruminant has 0.1 to 1.0 milligrams of acetone per 100 cc. of urine (0.1 to 0.5 milligrams of acetone per 100 cc. of blood), while the ruminant suffering from ketosis has 1 to 50 milligrams or more of acetone per 100 cc. of

urine (0.5 to 10 milligrams or more of acetone per 100 cc. of blood). In determining acetone in urine (or blood}, put, first of all, in the circumference 10 of the diffusiondish 8 a suitable amount of the urine or blood of the animal. Further, put in the central part 16 of the dish-body a suitable amount of alkalified salicylaldehyde alcohol solution and close up tightly with the lid 14 to protect the contents of the dish-body from the outside air and allow the action of diffusion to be exercised for a certain time. Then put into the housing 17 the diffusion-dish 8 in which the reagent 13 is made to take on an orange color through that action, and put into another housing 25 standardcolor for measurement 20. In comparing both the colors, on the right and left within the single held through the eye lens, make the standard-color for measurement 20 slide until both colors come to obtain the same density. Then, read the index of color density 24 on the side-wall 23 of the standard-color for measurement 20 and obtain the amount of acetone in the sample (urine or blood of a milch-cow) 11. In so doing you may make a diagnosis as to whether or not animal in question is suffering from ketosis and also learn the extent of ketosis. The operating of'colorimeter as illustrated above cannot be expected at all from a colorimeter of the existingpattern and herein lies the characteristic of the present invention.

It is necessary to find as exactly as possible any slight increase in the depth of the color even if the increase is very slight compared with a blank test on the healthy cow. In order to satisfy this requirement or necessity it is absolutely essential to cut oil completely the change in the depth of the color in the reagent in the diffusion dish owing to the gas diffused from the ketone in the urine (or the blood) to be tested, from any other influence.

As illustrated above, the special merit of this invention is that it enables those making a diffusion-test by means of a diffusion-dish to make an immediate as well as brief and easy measurement of the results of the test, thus rendering pertinent service in the case of diagnosis of ketosis.

Having thus set forth the nature of the invention, what i claim herein is:

A diagnostic instrument comprising a pair of housings disposed in side by side relation, each housing having top and bottom walls provided with aligned top and bottom windows, a top housing covering both two windows of the pair of housings and carrying an upright sight tube opening centrally into the top housing, a lens system in the top housing for transmitting light beams passing upwardly through the aligned top and bottom windows along parallel paths upwardly through the sight tube, means for projecting a light beam from below each of the pair of housings upwardly through the aligned top and bottom windows, a standard-color light transmitting unit carrying an index scale and adjustably supported in one of the pair of housings between the top and bottom windows thereof, a light transmitting specimen receptacle re.- movably supported in the other one of the pair of housings between the top and bottom windows thereof, means for taking a reading from the said index scale on the standard-,

color unit the said means for projecting a light beam upwardly through the aligned top and bottom windows of the pair of housings comprising a hollowbase below and spaced from the pair of housings, said base having a top wall opening below and aligned with each pair of aligned top and bottom windows, an artificial light source in said hollow base between the top wall openings therein, a mirror in said base below each top wall opening and dis-. posed at an angle to reflect a light beam from said source upwardly therethrough and through the overlying aligned pair of top and bottom windows, each of said hollow base top wall openings being defined by an upstanding annular stud, and means for projecting a natural source light beam upwardly through each pair of aligned top and bottom,

windows comprising an upstanding sleeve frictionally engaged at one end over each upstanding stud, and a mirror rotatably adjustably supported upon the top end of each sleeve.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,262,081 Mojonnier Apr. 9, 1918 1,569,342 Vernes et al Jan. 12, 1926 1,616,092 Stirlen Feb. 1, 1927 2,157,157 Anketell May 9, 1939 2,186,902 Fortune Jan. 9, 1940 2,188,097 Thompson Jan. 23, 1940 2,258,073 Stevens Oct. 7, 1941 2,283,262 Kamlet May 19, 1942 2,386,878 Nickerson Oct. 16, 1945 2,467,599 Schubart Apr. 19, 1949 2,684,010 Bulkley July 10, 1954 FOREIGN PATENTS 521,846 France Mar. 16, 1921 460,587 Germany June 5, 1928 

